在大会结束后刚刚成立几个月的 OSGeo 英国分会继续举行了它的第一届年度会议,讨论的都是诸如组织的法律地位,如何扩大影响力,是否要作为一个游说团体存在等基本的问题。万事开头难,看来 OSGeo UK 要步入正规还有很长一段路要走。有趣的是作为一个关乎地理问题的团体,OSGeo UK 最头痛的正是一个地理问题:如何把散布在全英国的参与者通过面对面的活动组织起来。相比之下,国内的 LUG 也好,其他什么组织也好,往往都是以北京上海这样的大城市为中心组织活动,相对区区英伦三岛,空间距离造成的问题反而还要小一些。
I bought this book as part of my “last minute geography scramble” (or in Chinese 抱佛脚) plan. Never really knew much about human geography, I find the book a nice guide to an entry level overview of the discipline. However, I also find that reading the book chapter by chapter without seeking the original texts very boring and discouraging.
Because David Harvey has three entries in the list of key texts mentioned in the book and Doreen Massey two, there are more contributors to the book than the authors of the “key texts” covered. But the editors have done a good job organising a series of chapters with their distinct writing styles and foci. First of all, the chapters were largely arranged in chronological order. As a result by reading the chapter titles alone you can get a sense of the development of the discipline from 1950s to recent years. Secondly, for the earlier decades this kind of organisation also reflects the general trend of thought during that time, such as the “quantitative revolution” in 1950s and 1960s, and the emergence of radical geography in 1980s. However, in later decades such common focus in geographers’ thinking becomes less obvious, reflecting the diversification of the discipline and its interweaving with other disciplines such as economics or sociology.
Each of the contributors has also managed to make their chapter as readable and informative as possible. They may have had a standardised template to remind them what should be included in each chapter, just like that outlined on the back cover. But each contributor surely put their own thoughts on the key text of their choice into their writing, and makes every chapter unique. Some of the contributors are becoming key thinkers themselves, and it would be interesting to examine how the key text informed or inspired them to pursue their own thinking on that particular topic.
To a large extent, the expectation you hold when you open the book determines how well you can appreciate it. On the one hand, as emphasised in the introduction, do not think that you can read the book in the place of those key texts. If you do so, you will feel like that you have some beautifully drawn maps to islands of treasures yet you have no vessel to reach there, and the maps only add to your frustration. On the other hand, these introductions are written by established geographers and they will try everything to make the point that geography is no longer a descriptive practice but a science with established theory system, so be prepared for academic style writing not any easier than that you can find in a mainstream human geography journal. That said, to make the most out of the book, the reader should try to seek the original key texts, and use this book as their guide. At that point, one should find the book helpful, interesting and valuable.
上次看 Star Trek 电影还是上世纪九十年代看的某国内电视台盗播的 Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country,从那时到今年我没有看过这个题材的任何真人实拍影视作品,所以我相信我写的这些还是比较能代表大部分普通人的口味的。从一个比较正常(相对 Trekkies 来说)的科幻片影迷的角度讲,J. J. Abrams 的这部新 Star Trek 完全满足了它的预告片和 Rotten Tomatoes 上 95% 的好评率带给我的期望。
从影片的剧情安排,不难看出导演的意图是一方面调动 Star Trek 系列本已存在的数量庞大的 trekkies/ers 群体,一方面重新启动这个在过去近二十年中几乎已被遗忘的系列,让新影迷认识 Star Trek 的魅力。我相信 J. J. 至少很好地实现了前一个目标。虽然影片剑走偏锋地没有加入 Klingon 的戏份,但无论是剧情还是场面,都忠实地还原了 Star Trek 系列激烈、紧凑的风格,而且在视觉效果方面更上层楼。任何接触过 Star Trek 的人,看到新世纪电影技术打造的 NCC-1701 企业号(奋进号?),都必然产生见到老朋友的感动之情。
至于吸引新观众方面,因为我已经受过 Star Trek 的“毒害”,不好妄下断言。但可以肯定的是,Star Trek 在这一点上将比 Star Wars 系列要成功,因为这个剧本基本没有预设观众看过以前的影片/电视剧,而且将其从系列中独立出来看,即不考虑 Star Trek 名气的影响,它也是一部很有亮点和发展潜力的新作。在短短两个小时的时间里,Star Trek 交代了系列的世界观,讲述了一个完整的故事,同时塑造了一群鲜明的形象。有了这些要素,我想不论新老 Trek 影迷都已经可以期待一个成功的续集了。把一个长期被边缘化的系列重新塑造成好莱坞的一线题材,将是这一部 Star Trek 可以在系列历史上夸耀的功绩。
当然,要同时满足老一代 Trekkie/er 的怀旧要求和新一代观众的口味并不容易,Star Trek 也需要做一些妥协。剧情方面为了照顾新影迷,不能过多地涉及作为系列背景的政治、历史要素,(再次抱怨一下)连 Klingon 也没有正式出场;而为让老一代 Star Trek 演员出场而安排的一段戏也略显突兀。不过剧情还是保持了 Star Trek 一直以来吸引观众的要素,在近年来的科幻题材影片中,体现了很高的编剧水平。特别是剧本能把改变历史/平行宇宙这样的题材说圆了,是非常难得的。
影片启用了大量的年轻演员,可见制片方看到了这个题材的潜力,很可能将其作为一个长期发展的系列。虽然在影片拍摄期间有人怀疑如此年轻的演员能否演出当年 William Shatner 和 Leonard Lemoy 的那种魄力,但看到这些演员的表现后他们的疑虑应该可以打消了。他们也许演不出老演员的那种沉稳,但他们也演出了年轻的企业号船员的果断、勇敢,以及作为系列标志之一的冒险精神,这是年龄稍大的演员很难演出来的效果。要注意的是根据剧情,他们还都是未出茅庐的军校生。有些表演看起来有些像校园剧,但只要这些演员比他们的角色成熟得快,在下一部 Star Trek 里这应该就不成为问题了。
影片在紧张中不失幽默,虽然暂时还没有体现出任何深邃的内涵,但足以让观众被这个系列所吸引,并在希望回顾系列以往作品的同时期待新作的到来。建议携三五好友一起到影院观看,以获得最佳观影体验,银幕越大越好。当然如果你的朋友或者男(女)朋友对科幻题材完全没有兴趣,还是三思而后行……今天我旁边一位男观众的女友很明显是被迫来陪看的,在开场前放 Transformers 2 片花时已经显得无聊透顶,开演后玩了两小时手机,没错我很愤怒。“Wrong us, shall we not revenge?”
另外还有句题外话。最近看上世纪70年代拍摄的 Battlestar Galactica 旧系列,注意到里面的飞船还在用球面的 CRT 单显做显示设备,战机使用的是机械式的水平仪,不由哑然失笑。2009年的企业号已经用上了多点触摸设备,或许再过30年,也会被那时的观众笑话?更重要的是,许多年以后现在的科幻片新题材有没有哪一个能够像 Star Trek,Battlestar Galactica,Terminator 和 Transformers 一样继续拥有广泛的影响和焕发新的生命力呢?也许是 Lost 和 Cloverfield?Way to go Captain Kirk, way to go J. J.!